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Terminology for Three-Bladed Waterline Rams:

Link to Terms : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10572414.2025.2592951?src=

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Archaeologically Attested Three-Bladed Waterline Rams:

Current Count: 33

Name:	Publication:
Acqualadroni Ram	Buccellato, C. A., & Tusa, S. 2013. The Acqualadroni Ram Recovered Near the Strait of Messina, Sicily: dimensions, timbers, iconography and historical context. IJNA, 42(1), 76-86. Tisseyre, P. & Ditta, M. 2020. About the Metallic Ram of Acqualadroni (Messina). Skyllis. Zeitschrift für maritime und limnische Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte, 20, 128-144.
Athlit Ram	Casson L., & Steffy, J. R., eds. 1991. The Athlit Ram. Texas A&M University Press. Oron, A. 2006. “The Athlit ram bronze casting reconsidered: scientific and technical re-examination.” JAS 33: 63-76.
Bremerhaven Ram	Bockius, R. (2014). Der »Bremerhaven-Rammsporn« Ein exzeptionelles Relikt antiker Seekriegsführung im Museum für Antike Schiffahrt des RGZM und seine Parallelen. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, 61(1), 57-101.
Egadi 1	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020. The Site of the Battle of the Aegates Islands at the end of the First Punic War. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider.
Egadi 2	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 3	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 4	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 5	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 6	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 7	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 8	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 9	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 10	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 11	Royal, J., and S. Tusa, eds. 2020.
Egadi 12	Unpublished
Egadi 13	Unpublished
Egadi 14	Unpublished
Egadi 15	Unpublished
Egadi 16	Unpublished
Egadi 17	Unpublished
Egadi 18	Unpublished
Egadi 19	Unpublished
Egadi 20	Unpublished
Egadi 21	Unpublished
Egadi 22	Unpublished
Egadi 23	Unpublished
Egadi 24	Unpublished
Egadi 25	Unpublished
Egadi 26	Unpublished
Egadi 27	Unpublished
Follonica Ram	Unpublished (Currently housed in The Museum of Ancient Ships of Pisa).
Naples Ram	Unpublished
Piraeus Ram	Steinhauer, G. 2002. L’Épiron du Musée du Pirée. In H. Tzalas (Ed.), Tropis VII. 7th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity. Pylos 1999: proceedings (Vol. 7, pp. 709-724). Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition.

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Archaeologically Attested Three-Bladed Waterline Ram Fragments:

Current Count: 1 large and a few minor

Name:	Publication:
Actian Ram Fragment(s)	Varoufakis, G. 2007. “The Ram of Nikopolis: A New Authentic Naval Weapon from the 1st century BC”. In Nikopolis B: Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposium Vol. 1 (September 11–15, 2002), edited by K.L. Zachos, 453–60. Preveza: Actia Nikopolis Foundation. Zachos, K.L. 2003. “The tropaeum of the sea-battle of Actium at Nikopolis: interim report.” JRA 16: 65-92.

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Archaeologically Attested Proembolia:

Current Count: 1 confirmed (possible proembolia in next section)

Name:	Publication:
Belgammel Proembolion or Belgammel ram	Adams, J., A. Antoniadou, C. Hunt, P. Bennett, I. Croudace, R. Taylor, R. Pearce, G. Earl, N. Flemming, J. Moggeridge, T. Whiteside, K. Oliver, and A. Parker. 2013. “The Belgammel Ram, a Hellenistic-Roman Bronze Proembolion Found off the Coast of Libya: test analysis of function, date and metallurgy, with a digital reference archive.” IJNA 42(1): 60-75.

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Ram-Like Artifacts:

Current Count: 5

Name:	Publication:
Bonn “Proembolion”	Neilson, H. 2002. “A terracotta phallus from Pisa Ship E: more evidence for the Priapus deity as protector of Greek and Roman navigators.” IJNA 32(2): 248-53.
Kanellopoulos Object/Artifact	Zarkadas, A. 2013. “Bronze Parts of Ships from the Paul and Alexandra Canellopoulos Museum.” In Schiffe und ihr Kontext: Darstellungen, Modelle, Bestandteile – von der Bronzezeit bis zum Ende des Byzantinischen Reiches, edited by H. Frielinghaus, T. Schmidts, and V. Tsamakda, 79-89. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums.
Mithridatic pointed ram	Boetto, G., P. Poveda, and S.V. Olkhovskiy. 2022. “The Hellenistic Shipwreck of Phanagoria (Taman Peninsula, Black Sea, Russia): A Small Military Vessel.” IJNA 51(1): 21-45.
Turin “Proembolion” or Turin object	Antonicelli, A. 2016. “A Close Examination of an Ancient Naval Artefact.” Mariner’s Mirror 102(4): 444-47.
Imperial Roman “Proembolion” or Koln Casting	Unpublished (Christie’s Auction House)

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Actian Ram Sockets:

Current Count: ~35 (these sockets only preserve the back profile of the lost rams)

Name:	Publication:
Actian Victory Monument Sockets, Nikopolis Greece.	Murray, W., and P. Petsas. 1989. “Octavian’s Campsite Memorial for the Actian War.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 79(4): 1-172. Zachos, K. L. (Ed.). (Forthcoming). The Victory Monument of Augustus at Nicopolis. The Tropaeum of the Battle of Actium. 3 Vols. Research Association of Nicopolis.

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Experimental Rams:

Current Count: 1

Name:	Publication:
“DeCasien” ram	DeCasien, S., C. Dostal, and G. Grieco.“An Experimental Archaeological Project in Recreating an Ancient Bronze Naval Ram.” Journal of Archaeological Science 178 (2025): Advance online publication.